Garcia Lorca’s San Gabriel (Sevilla)

The last of the three poems based on a saint, San Gabriel (Sevilla), appears whimsical at first glance, but there is a sinister quality to the whimsy. Two figures parade their way through the poem, Gabriel, saint and archangel, who pays a visit to Annunciatión de los Reyes, a gypsy woman, to tell her she will give birth to a mythical son. It was, in fact, Gabriel in biblical stories that tells Mary of her Immaculate Conception. Garcia Lorca simply updates the fairy tale by relocating it to Seville and changing Mary into a poor gypsy woman. We find Annunciatión already pregnant when she makes her appearance, bien lunada "full as a half-moon." Loughran (1994) notes:

Saint Gabriel. Thanks to Ramsden we know that it is the Virgin of the Kings (not St. Gabriel) who is the patron saint of the Archdiocese of Seville. In this ballad she becomes Annunciatión of the Kings, who makes her entrance at the beginning of the second stanza and is appropriately renamed after the event in progress. Kings (Reyes) is a common gypsy surname. 33. The Giralda. No doubt Seville's most famous landmark, a mozarabric prayer tower crowned with a renaissance belfry and statue that serves as weather vane. It is attached to Seville's massive gothic cathedral. 69. Ladder. The saints and the purified ascended to heaven via Jacob's Ladder. 71. Everlastings. Flowering plants with small buds that retain their freshness in appearance indefinitely after being cut. For this reason it is a common grave-side flower and is used in making funeral wreaths in Spain. (page 38)

However, taken with the darker tones of how Spain treats its gypsies in Garcia Lorca's collection, by turning the Christ-figure into a gypsy child, Federico seems to have a more sinisterly ironic purpose behind the poem. After all, in such poems Romance de la Guardia Civil Espanola where the Virgin and Saint Joseph are set upon by Civil Guards and Muerte de Antonito el Camborio where a Christ-like figure is killed, Spain seems to be doing everything in its power to martyr the gypsies.

San Gabriel (Sevilla)
Federico Garcia Lorca
Saint Gabriel (Sevilla)
translated by ZJC

I.
Un bello niño de junco,
anchos hombros, fino talle,
piel de nocturna manzana,
boca triste y ojos grandes,
nervio de plata caliente,
ronda la desierta calle.
Sus zapatos de charol
rompen las dalias del aire,
con los dos ritmos que cantan
breves lutos celestiales.
En la ribera del mar
no hay palma que se le iguale,
ni emperador coronado,
ni lucero caminante.
Cuando la cabeza inclina
sobre su pecho de jaspe,
la noche busca llanuras
porque quiere arrodillarse.
Las guitarras suenan solas
para San Gabriel Arcángel,
domador de palomillas
y enemigo de los sauces.
San Gabriel: El niño llora
en el vientre de su madre.
No olvides que los gitanos
te regalaron el traje.

II.
Anunciación de los Reyes,
bien lunada y mal vestida,
abre la puerta al lucero
que por la calle venía.
El Arcángel San Gabriel,
entre azucena y sonrisa,
biznieto de la Giralda,
se acercaba de visita.
En su chaleco bordado
grillos ocultos palpitan.
Las estrellas de la noche
se volvieron campanillas.
San Gabriel: Aquí me tienes
con tres clavos de alegría.
Tu fulgor abre jazmines
sobre mi cara encendida.
Dios te salve, Anunciación.
Morena de maravilla.
Tendrás un niño más bello
que los tallos de la brisa.
¡Ay, San Gabriel de mis ojos!
!Gabrielillo de mi vida!,
Para sentarte yo sueño
un sillón de clavellinas.
Dios te salve, Anunciación,
bien lunada y mal vestida.
Tu niño tendrá en el pecho
un lunar y tres heridas.
¡Ay, San Gabriel que reluces!
¡Gabrielillo de mi vidal!
En el fondo de mis pechos
ya nace la leche tibia.
Dios te salve, Anunciación.
Madre de cien dinastías.
Áridos lucen tus ojos,
paisajes de caballista.

*

El niño canta en el seno
de Anunciación sorprendida.
Tres balas de almendra verde
tiemblan en su vocecita.

Ya San Gabriel en el aire
por una escala subía.
Las estrellas de la noche
se volvieron siemprevivas.

I.
A beautiful child, lithe,
wide shoulders, slim hips,
skin of a nocturnal apple,
sad mouth and big eyes,
a nerve of hot silver,
searches the famished streets.
Breaking the writhing dahlias
with two measures, he sings
of a brief celestial grief
with his shoes of patent leather.
There no palm can be his equal
up and down the seashore;
no passing star,
nor crowned emperor.
When he bows his head
against his jacket breast
the night looks about for plains
where it might kneel down to rest.
Guitars play themselves
for Archangel Saint Gabriel,
tamer of dwarf doves,
envy of all the willows.
"Saint Gabriel: The baby is wailing
in his mother's womb.
Do not forget the suit
that the gypsies gave to you."

II.
Annunciatión de los Reyes,
full as a half-moon and poor in dress,
opens the door to the evening star
that shines down on the street.
Saint Gabriel, the Archangel,
great-grandson of the Giralda,
half a lily and half a smile,
returns on his visit.
Hidden crickets beat
in his embroidered waistcoat.
The stars of the night sky, turn
into tiny tolling flowers.
"Here I am, Saint Gabriel,
with the three nails of intoxication.
Your radiance makes jasmine
burn on my hot face."
"God save you, Annunciatión,
dark woman of wonder.
You will have a boy more beautiful
than all the new shoots in the breeze."
"Ai, Saint Gabriel, light of my eyes!
Dearest Gabrielillo, joy of my life!
I dream of giving you
a throne of raw carnations."
"God save you, Annunciatión,
full as a half-moon, poor in dress.
On his breast your child will bear
a blotch and three deep wounds."
"Ai, my radiant Saint Gabriel,
Dearest Gabrielillo, joy of my life!
Deep in my breasts the warm
milk is about to be born."
"God save you, Annunciatión,
mother of a hundred dynasties.
Your eyes gleam like the arid dunes
of my hopes and your highwaymen."

*

The child sings at the womb
of the fascinated Annunciatión.
Three green-almond bullets
shiver in his little voice.

Up a ladder through the sky
Saint Gabriel climbs.
And the night stars all
turned into everlastings.

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