Garcia Lorca’s San Gabriel (Sevilla)
The last of the three poems based on a saint, San Gabriel (Sevilla), appears whimsical at first glance, but there is a sinister quality to the whimsy. Two figures parade their way through the poem, Gabriel, saint and archangel, who pays a visit to Annunciatión de los Reyes, a gypsy woman, to tell her she will give birth to a mythical son. It was, in fact, Gabriel in biblical stories that tells Mary of her Immaculate Conception. Garcia Lorca simply updates the fairy tale by relocating it to Seville and changing Mary into a poor gypsy woman. We find Annunciatión already pregnant when she makes her appearance, bien lunada "full as a half-moon." Loughran (1994) notes:
Saint Gabriel. Thanks to Ramsden we know that it is the Virgin of the Kings (not St. Gabriel) who is the patron saint of the Archdiocese of Seville. In this ballad she becomes Annunciatión of the Kings, who makes her entrance at the beginning of the second stanza and is appropriately renamed after the event in progress. Kings (Reyes) is a common gypsy surname. 33. The Giralda. No doubt Seville's most famous landmark, a mozarabric prayer tower crowned with a renaissance belfry and statue that serves as weather vane. It is attached to Seville's massive gothic cathedral. 69. Ladder. The saints and the purified ascended to heaven via Jacob's Ladder. 71. Everlastings. Flowering plants with small buds that retain their freshness in appearance indefinitely after being cut. For this reason it is a common grave-side flower and is used in making funeral wreaths in Spain. (page 38)
However, taken with the darker tones of how Spain treats its gypsies in Garcia Lorca's collection, by turning the Christ-figure into a gypsy child, Federico seems to have a more sinisterly ironic purpose behind the poem. After all, in such poems Romance de la Guardia Civil Espanola where the Virgin and Saint Joseph are set upon by Civil Guards and Muerte de Antonito el Camborio where a Christ-like figure is killed, Spain seems to be doing everything in its power to martyr the gypsies.
| San Gabriel (Sevilla) Federico Garcia Lorca |
Saint Gabriel (Sevilla) translated by ZJC |
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I. II. * El niño canta en el seno Ya San Gabriel en el aire |
I. II. * The child sings at the womb Up a ladder through the sky |